The National Reading Panel (NRP) was created by Congress and charged with the task of evaluating different approaches used to teach children to read and assessing the effectiveness of each. In its 2000 report called Teaching Children to Read, the NRP presented a summary of the research in eight areas of reading instruction and literacy, which have been called the five dimensions of reading, including computer-assisted instruction.
The report discusses the 21 studies that were available regarding the effectiveness of computer-assisted reading instruction. While one should refrain from drawing conclusions from such a small amount of research, all of the studies did suggest positive results in the use of computers in reading instruction, whether presenting text via computer, using computers as word processors to combine reading and writing instruction, or using hypertext (highlighted words and phrases that link to definitions or related passages).
"Computer-assisted instruction" (CAI) is the term used for lessons or remediation presented on a computer. CAI is a popular enhancement for use in classrooms. Computer programs are inherently engaging because they are interactive and may use sound and/or animation to demonstrate concepts. Students who use computers for lessons can move along at their own pace, receiving immediate feedback on how they are completing the work. The opportunity to work at a computer station provides a variation from teacher-directed instruction. Students with learning disabilities particularly benefit from CAI because of the immediate feedback. CAI does not permit learners to practice incorrect skills.
High-ability students can also benefit from CAI. Computer lessons can be used that challenge students to compete to increase their scores. Students can move ahead quickly without having to wait for the rest of the class. The use of CAI can be a valuable tool for teachers to differentiate instruction within their classrooms.
Reading programs on the computer illustrate concepts, provide instruction, and offer remediation for students in preschool through college. Some programs provide drill and practice for students to learn sight words and increase their phonics skills. Other programs improve reading comprehension skills through activities designed to increase fluency, as well as practice word prediction and story prediction.
The teacher may schedule students for instructional or remedial time with the computer in the classroom or in a technology lab. The computer may also serve as a station in a classroom learning center or be used as a reward for positive behavior or work completion.
CAI is one of several strategies being implemented to improve student achievement outcomes in school, especially in reading. Programs for CAI have improved greatly since they were first developed over twenty years ago. Computer programs can drill students, tutor them, diagnose learning problems, keep records of student progress, and present new material. They are valuable tools for teachers and students alike.
P.S.
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